Dolphin's move to Visual Studio 2013 about a month ago broke support for Windows Vista (and XP too as I understand). I reported the issue at the start of November and a fix was made in the DX9-Final branch roughly two weeks later. I have tested the fix and have confirmed that it solved the issue. This fix has not been merged to the Master branch, so new development versions still do not work on Vista. Please merge this fix into the Master branch to restore Windows Vista compatibility.
Edit: As of revision 4.0-489, this issue has been resolved. Thanks to the developers who fixed this crash.
Edit: As of revision 4.0-489, this issue has been resolved. Thanks to the developers who fixed this crash.